Real Estate Information Archive

There is a little know law that exempts a seller from having to pay the normal transfer tax (approx $8.50 per 1K of sale price) at closing if your tax assessment is less at the time of sale than when you purchased the property.

MCL 207.526 (t) provides an exemption from State Transfer Tax for the following written instruments:
A written instrument conveying an interest in homestead property for which a homestead exemption is claimed under either the school code of 1976, Act No. 451 of the Public Acts of 1976, being sections 380.1 to 380.1852 of the Michigan Compiled Laws or the state education tax act, Act No. 331 of the Public Acts of 1993, being sections 211.901 to 211.906 of the Michigan Complied Laws, if the state equalized valuation of that homestead property is equal to or lesser than the state equalized valuation on the date of purchase or on the date of acquisition by the seller or transferor for the same interest in property. If after an exemption is claimed under this subsection, the sale or transfer of homestead property is found by the treasurer to be a value other than the true cash value, then a penalty equal to 20% of the tax shall be assessed in addition to the tax due under this act to the seller or transferor.

Attorney General Mike Cox issued an important opinion this week clarifying the proper application of an obscure exemption contained in the Michigan Transfer Tax Act. The opinion, arising out of a request from Representative Martin Griffin (D-Jackson), should afford certain Home sellers immediate financial relief as Michigan’s real estate market continues its road to recovery.

Exemption “t”, as designated in the Michigan Transfer Tax Act, sets forth that a seller may seek an exemption from paying the state transfer tax if the following criteria are met:

With property values and corresponding SEV declining due to the struggling economy, home owners and real estate agents first took notice of the exemption’s possible applicability under the state transfer tax. However, absent an official interpretation, there was little awareness of its proper application.

The opinion from the Attorney General uses examples to show how the application would apply. One example illustrating application provides:

If the SEV of the principle residence when acquired in 2006 is $74,000.00 and the SEV when transferred in 2008 is $72,000.00 then criteria one and two above are satisfied. You can establish the true cash value by doubling the SEV at the time of transfer. In this case the true cash value is $144,000. If the sale price in 2008 is $140,000.00 then the sale does not exceed its true cash value. All three criteria are satisfied and the exemption would apply.

The Attorney General’s opinion provides immediate relief to home sellers already faced with the reality of declining value on their single greatest asset. The opinion also provides a uniform reading of the exemption that is necessary to provide consistent application among the various Registers of Deeds across the state as they are already receiving filings for the exemption.

Sellers should be cautioned that a request for the exemption that fails to meet all three criteria could bring a penalty equal to 20% of the tax assessed in addition to the tax due. Additionally, no similar exemption exists in the County Real Estate Transfer Tax Act.

A Nutshell Lesson for Your 10 Minute Presentation

 

 

With our Michigan economy and money supply tight, many people are looking for financial relief. Our 2008 tax assessments have arrived and while they have provided a reprieve for many, some tax payers are scratching their heads wondering, “They say my value dropped, so how can it be that my taxes have again gone up?”

This year, the assessors and Boards of Review have been swarmed by upset tax payers looking to land one of the few available appeal appointments in the next few weeks. Some cities have limited appeal hearings to 10 minutes. My purpose in writing this is twofold: first, to help those who have a case, prepare it; second, to help those who don’t, understand why they don’t so that they don’t waste their time trying.

 

There is one and only one question that typically matters with a Board of Review… do the SEV(State Equalized Value) or Taxable Value exceed 50% of the market value of the property? Things that are irrelevant and not actionable by the Board of Review include: taxes going up while values are dropping; and the fact that subject property taxes are higher than taxes of neighbors, the fact that a property owner feels her taxes are excessive. Even if the taxpayer is right, it doesn’t matter. What does matter for Board of Review purposes and for a decision that will affect this year’s taxes is that the taxpayer shows their new Taxable value is greater than 50% of the market value of their Home as of the December 31^st of the prior year.

 

Since 1994 Michigan property taxes have had 3 values:

            SEV = assessor’s estimate of 50% of the market value of your home.

            Capped Value=  the 1994 SEV (or the SEV from the year following the most recent transfer of ownership) plus annual adjustments for cost of living (CPI, not to exceed 5% in any year).

            Taxable Value= the lesser of the SEV or Capped and the factor that is multiplied times the city’s tax rate to determine property taxes.

 

In the late ‘90’s we had a little tortoise and the hare action as property values and SEVs were shooting up and Capped/Taxables were plodding along behind.  We’re seeing situations today where the tortoise has gotten close or even passed the hare. We rarely saw Capped values exceed SEVs. We are starting to see that now, with declining property values pulling down SEVs and cost of living increases lifting Capped values. It is especially common where there was a recent sale and “uncapping” followed by a reduction in the SEV by the Assessor.

 

SEVs are adjusted by our Assessors, while our Caps are statutorily adjusted according to the Consumer Price Index (2.3% for 2008 and roughly 2-3% in recent past years).

 

 

Back to appeals

While there may be a reason we may want to reduce our SEV (i.e. in anticipation of an upcoming sale), for most taxpayers, the number of most significance is the Taxable value. The other numbers may or may not mean anything to us, but our Taxable Value is the factor that the Assessor multiplies times our tax rate to determine our property taxes. To lower my 2008 taxes, I need to demonstrate to the Assessor and Board of Review that my Taxable Value exceeds 50% of the market value of my home as it sat on December 31, 2007. Be focused. For practical purposes, Nothing Else Matters!  I recommend you get a formal appraisal dated 12/31/07 that  you can use for the board of review and later if needed for the State Tax Tribunal appeal. It makes a presentation much easier and credible. contact me if you need a referral for an appraiser providing a discount.

 

It doesn’t matter that I think my taxes are too high. It doesn’t matter that I pay more than my neighbor whose house is 75% larger. It doesn’t matter that my taxes went up while my value (even according to the Assessor) dropped. Basically the only way I can get my Taxable Value and/or SEV reduced is to demonstrate to the Assessor and Board of Review that my Taxable Value or SEV exceeded 50% of the market value of my home as of December 31, 2007. Again the number of most significance for a reduction of this year’s taxes is  Taxable Value. Unless I can persuade the Board of Review that my Taxable Value exceeds 50% of the market value of my home, I won’t save anything on my 2008 taxes.

 

Assembling and presenting your case.

As the tax payer, it is my responsibility to collect the materials and present a case (in about 5 minutes) that will convince the Board of Review that my Taxable Value and/or SEV exceed 50% of the market value of your home. Some people choose to pull together recent sold information on their own. Some hire appraisers. Many who have existing relationships with good real estate professionals call on them for help.

 

Keep it clear and simple.

Walk in the door with a positive attitude. Be nice. Today you are a salesperson making a sales presentation. Your job is to make it easy for the Board of Review to see and agree with your point. You only have about 5 minutes to present and a few minutes to answer questions. Focus on Value. If you are bringing comparables or other visuals, make copies so each member of the Board of Review has a copy. Keep it simple and tight. Be logical, reasonable and friendly (you are asking the same of the Board members).

 

If you recently purchased your home and your SEV/Taxable are higher than they should be, it is important that you appeal your assessment in the year following your purchase. By doing so, you preserve what might be the most compelling piece of evidence you have in establishing its market value… the selling price of your home. By doing so in the year following your purchase you will also establish a new starting benchmark which may affect and reduce taxes this year and all future years you live in the home.

 

The purchase price of a home is not conclusive in itself. We need to establish: that the home was on the open market for a period of time; that the transaction was an arms-length transaction; that the sale price is the best indication of market value as of the date of the sale; and that due to market conditions, the value of the property as of December 31^st in the preceding year had not increased since the sale.

 

Results from Your Hearing

Appealing taxpayers typically don’t receive an answer while at the Board of Review hearing. Different Boards may work in different ways, but most often, taxpayers present their case and leave. Board members then review and discuss the evidence behind closed doors and make a decision that is then sent to the taxpayer via mail which arrives a few weeks later with directions for appealing the Board of Review decision.

 

As a community service, I have posted other articels and information under the tax category heading and would suggest that you review them. There are some helpful materials to help you understand this confusing subject.

 

There has never been a time when homeowners were more in need of professional help from a REALTOR®.  Please feel free to contact me any time at 734-996-0000 or [email protected]

H.R. 3648 – Public Law 110-142  Signed December 20, 2007

 

Summary:  There have been some changes affecting Home tax credits for persons either involved in a short sale or foreclosure and also for persons who have lost a spouse.  Generally, individuals who are relieved of their obligation to pay some portion of a mortgage debt on a principal residence between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009 will not be required to pay income tax on any amount that is forgiven.

 

Background:  A fundamental principle of the income tax is that a taxpayer must recognize income and pay tax any time a debt of the taxpayer is forgiven or discharged.  Exceptions are provided in several circumstances, including bankruptcy, insolvency (as defined by state law) and for some investment real estate.  Until this new rule was enacted, however, no exception applied to any amount debt forgiven on a mortgage for a taxpayer’s principal residence. Thus, until now, when some portion of a mortgage debt was forgiven, that amount has been treated as taxable income and the borrower has been taxed at ordinary income rates on the forgiven amount, even though there is no cash.

 

The newly-enacted relief for mortgage debt forgiveness is Congress’s response to the problems generated by the subprime crisis, short sales, rising foreclosure rates and price corrections in some markets.  Thus, when a lender forgives some portion of a borrower’s mortgage debt in a short sale, a foreclosure, a workout with the lender or some similar circumstance, the borrower will not be required to recognize income or pay tax on the forgiven amount. This relief applies to debts forgiven between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009.

 

Provisions: General

 

-          No income limitation: All borrowers receive the relief, no matter what their income.

-          Dollar limitation: No more than $2 millions of mortgage debt is eligible for the exclusion ($1 million of debt for a married filing separately return).

-          Relief applies only to an individual’s principal residence.

-          The forgiven mortgage debt must have been secured by that residence.

-          No relief is available for cash-outs, whether the cash-out takes the form of a refinanced first mortgage, second mortgage, home equity line of credit or similar arrangement.

-          Eligible debt is what is called “acquisition indebtedness.”  This is debt used to acquire, construct or rehabilitate a residence.

- Refinanced debt qualifies, so long as the debt does not exceed the original amount of the debt. (Same rule as Mortgage Interest Deduction)

- Home equity debt (or second mortgages) qualifies if the funds were used to improve the home.  (Borrower must have adequate records, as under current law.)

- See cash-outs, above. No amount of a cash out may be treated as acquisition debt.

 

Additional Information:

 

Refinanced Mortgages:  The relief does apply to refinanced debt in some circumstances.  The rules seek to assure that any debt eligible for the relief is directly related to the acquisition or improvement (such as rehabilitation, expansion, renovation, reconstruction) of the principal residence.  Debt used for furnishings (i.e., any movable property) in the home is not eligible for the relief.  When the proceeds of any refinanced debt is used for any purpose other than acquisition or improvement, those proceeds are not eligible for the relief.

 

Principal Residence:  A principal residence is defined in the same manner as the rules that apply to the capital gains exclusion on the sale of a principal residence.  An individual may not have more than one principal residence at any given time.

 

Second Homes:  As a general matter, the relief does not apply to any debt forgiveness on any mortgage for any second home of the taxpayer.  However, if a taxpayer uses a residence (other than his principal residence) solely as an income producing rental property, already existing relief provisions might apply, depending on the taxpayer’s situation.  If the second home property was acquired as a speculative investment (such as for resale rather than rental), relief provisions are unlikely to be available.

 

In all events an individual who is in a short sale, foreclosure, workout or similar situation on a residence (including condos) other than his principal residence should consult a tax adviser to determine what, if any, relief provisions might be available.

 

Other Provisions in H.R. 3648

 

Mortgage Insurance Premiums:  The deduction for mortgage insurance premiums is extended through tax year 2010. Income limitations on the deduction will continue to apply.

 

Surviving Spouses/$500,000 Exclusion:  In some circumstances, a surviving spouse is denied eligibility for the full $500,000 exclusion on the sale of his/her principal residence. This most frequently occurs when the residence is not held in joint ownership at the time the spouse who is not on the title dies.  In that case, the deceased spouse had no ownership interest, so there is no basis step-up on that half of the property. The surviving spouse is thus eligible only for an exclusion of $250,000. (Had the home been sold during the deceased spouse’s lifetime, the full $500,000 exclusion would have applied, so long as they filed a joint return.)

 

Challenges for the surviving spouse are compounded when this circumstance occurs late in the year. The surviving spouse is often unable to sell the property within the same year that the spouse died. This legislation provides that a surviving spouse may claim the full $500,000 exclusion not only in the year of the deceased spouse’s death, but also during the two years after the spouse’s death.

 

Second Homes Converted to Principal Residence:  The original house-passed version of this legislation included a provision that would have limited the application of the $250,000/$500,000 exclusion when a second home is converted to a principal residence and later sold. This change was not included in the final legislation that the President signed. 

 

 

What is the difference between the Assessed Value and the Taxable Value of my Home?

Each year the Assessing Office must calculate the SEV (Assessed Value) and Taxable Value of each property for the 31st of December.  You will ususally get your new tax assessment in early March.  In determining the SEV, the assessor identifies area neighborhoods and used to use a 2 year sales study to analyze market values within each neighborhood, comparing the sale price of a property to its assessed value.  That was just changed and the new 1 year sales study period for the 2008 assessments was 04/01/06 to 03/31/07.  A review of all arms length sales within each neighborhood for the required study period is used to determine individual Assessed Values on a global scale.

The Taxable Value is the value to which the millage rate is applied, thereby determining your taxes.  The Taxable Value on the property is said to be "capped" if the property owner has not had any additions or losses on the property or did not purchase it in the preceding year.  The Taxable Value is calculated by adding the CPI or 5% (whichever is less) to the prior years Taxable Value.  Proposal A intended to put a cap on the Taxable Value of property so that taxpayers wouldn't be as affected by a strong economy and significant increases in valuation, the intention was to make changes to the Taxable Valuation more gradual by tying it to the rate of inflation.

Sales prices in my neighborhood have been decreasing.  Will my property valuation decrease as well?

If you've owned your property for a significant amount of time, it is likely that your SEV exceeds your Taxable Value.  If this is the case, a decrease in market value as determined by city sales studies, would result in a decreased assessed valuation and SEV.  The Taxable Value however, is required by the Michigan Constitution to increase each year by the rate of inflation or 5%, whichever is lower.  In the case of a long time property owner, the SEV should decrease, while the Taxable Value would increase.  The Taxable Value cannot be higher than the SEV.

How does that impact my tax bill?

Because the taxes are based on the Taxable Value rather than the SEV, even with a decrease in the SEV, the taxes could still go up.

I just bought my house.  Will the assessed value automatically be half of what I paid?

By state law, a home's Assessed Value is not half its purchase price, but half of its market value.  The study period and process identified in paragraph 1 is used to determine market values.

I feel the taxable value on my tax bill is too high.  How can I get my taxable value and amount that I pay changed?  Is there a deadline to do this?

In closing, please note:  I have a pdf download providing even more information on property taxes that you can read by clicking here.  Don't forget that you can challenge your taxable value with the assessor by writing them a short letter  or call requesting to be be heard before the tax board of review.  .  Do this right away after you get your new assessment because you do not have much time to protest.  Should the determination they mail you fail to provide the intended results, then you can ask your assessor for an appeal letter bebore the State tax tribunal.  Call me if you have more quetions.  If you need comps showing the sale price of similar properties, just drop me a note requesting them.  I would be happy to safe you money on your property taxes or otherwise.  I also have new home listings or a free market or cma reports on your existing property.